Graphical presentation of data allows us to gain insight into the change or movement of values0, as well as other interdependencies, at a glance. Graphical presentation of data is a special subject that deals with large (usually) numerical data. Statistical data can be displayed graphically. In fact, graphical representation of statistical data is an essential step during statistical analysis.
Statistical research and experiments provide valuable information about numerical results. For better understanding and drawing conclusions and interpretations, data should be managed and organized in a systematic form. A graph is a representation of data using graphical symbols such as lines, bars, pies, dots, etc. A chart presents numerical data in the form of a qualitative structure and provides important information.
Line diagram
Value points is one of the simplest ways of graphically displaying statistical data. As the name suggests, point plots use points. It is a graphical representation that usually compares the frequency within different categories.
A point plot consists of points to be plotted on graph paper.
A plot point may look like:
In a point plot, each point indicates a certain number of observations belonging to the data set. One point usually represents one observation.
These points are indicated in the form of a column for each category. In this way, the height of each column shows the corresponding frequency of a category.
Point plots are quite useful when a small amount of data is given in a small number of categories.
Graph
A graph is a very frequently used graph in statistics, as well as in the media. A chart is a type of chart that contains rectangular or rectangular bars. The lengths of these bars should be proportional to the numerical values they represent. In a bar chart, bars can be displayed horizontally or vertically. But a vertical chart (also known as a bar chart) is used more than a horizontal one.
A vertical bar graph is shown below:
The number of students went to different countries to study:
The rectangular bars are spaced apart to distinguish them from each other. The chart shows a comparison between the listed categories.
Basically, the horizontal axis of the chart represents specific categories, and the vertical axis shows discrete numerical values.
Line graph
A line chart is a type of chart that represents data by connecting a series of points by straight line segments. In a line graph, the data points are plotted on the graph and connected by a straight line.
A line pattern chart is illustrated in the following diagram:
Line graphs are used in science, statistics, and the media. Line graphs are very easy to create. These are quite popular compared to other graphs, as they visualize features very clearly revealing data trends. A line graph provides a clear visual comparison between two variables that are represented on the X-axis and the I-axis.
Cakes
A pie chart is also known as a pie chart or pie chart. It is called that, because it is similar to that of a “pie”. A pie chart is defined as a chart that contains a circle that is divided into sectors. These sectors illustrate the numerical percentage of the data.
A pie chart is shown in the following diagram:
The arc length of the sectors, in a pie chart, is proportional to the numerical value they represent. Pie charts are most often seen in the mass media, as well as in the business world.
Histogram and frequency polygon
Histograms and frequency polygons are very common graphs in statistics. A histogram is defined as a graphical display of mutually exclusive events. A histogram is quite similar to a graphical plot. Both are composed of rectangular bars. The difference is that there is no gap between any two bars in the histogram. A histogram is used to represent continuous data.
A histogram may look like the following graph:
A frequency polygon is a type of graphical representation that gives us a better understanding of the shape of a given distribution. Frequency polygons serve almost a similar purpose to how histograms do.
But the frequency polygon is quite useful for the purpose of comparing two or more sets of data. Frequency polygons are said to be an extension of a histogram. When the vertices of the rectangular nodes are joined together, a frequency polygon is created. Shall we look at a sample frequency polygon: